A logo is a graphical element that, together with its logotype (a uniquely set and arranged typeface), helps to identify a brand. A logo’s design can be adapted to its medium, meaning that you can render it in two-dimensional (2D) form for print publications or in three-dimensional (3D) form, such as on signage.
There are different types of logos:
⦁ Word marks (or logotypes): A word mark is simply the brand’s name set in a unique typeface; Coke’s word mark is an example.
⦁ Letterforms: Letterforms are when the initials or acronyms of the company make up the logo; IBM’s use of their letters in a particular way is an example of this type.
⦁ Pictorial marks (or iconography): Pictorial marks use simple images to get their point across. Apple’s bitten apple icon is one of the most recognizable examples today.
⦁ Abstract imagery: It doesn’t usually reference anything specific; instead, they’re meant to evoke certain feelings or ideas associated with the brand – Nike’s swoosh check mark falls into this category.
⦁ Symbolic icons: These are more representative than literal and often replace words altogether.